SUMMER
TRAINING
PROJECT
REPORT
ON
MARKET POTENTIAL OF COMPANY
PVT LTD.
MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
IN THE
BUSINESS
SCHOOL
SUBMITTED TO : Submitted by:
STUDENT’S DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Executive
Summary
COMPANY PVT LTD. Info systems Ltd is one of the pioneers in the
Indian IT market, with its origins in 1976.
For over quarter of a century, the company have developed and implemented
solutions for multiple market segments, across a range of technologies in India
With sound macro economic condition and buying sentiment
in the market, the desktop PC market grossed 23.4lc units, registering a growth of 36% over the same period last
year. The notebook PC segment was the star performer, showing massive growth, 60% sequentially and 138%
year-on-year and crossing the one lakh barrier.
This can be attributed to strong domestic growth in
requirements and aggressive sales
promotion offers by the players like HP, Lenovo, and COMPANY PVT LTD. among
others. Again brand recognition and image play a very important role in
purchase decisions. Brand managers of IT products, to increase the short-term
gains and keep the cash registers ticking have started using aggressive sales
promotion offers.
Computers have changed the way we
work, be it any profession. Therefore, it is only but natural the role of
computers in education has been given a lot of prominence in the recent years.
Computers play a vital role in every field. They aid industrial processes; they
find applications in medicine; they are the heart of the software industry;
they play a vital role in education.
The uses of computers in education are manifold.
The Information Technology has a deep impact on education.
Computer education forms a part of the school and college curriculum, as it is
important for every individual today, to have the basic knowledge of computers.
The advantages of computers in education include an efficient storage and
rendition of information, quick information processing and very importantly the
saving of paper.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Page no.
AN
INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY
·
COMPANY PVT
LTD.
·
INDUSTRY PROFILE
·
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3. DATABASE AND METHODOLOGY
·
RESEARCH DESIGN
·
RESEARCH PROCESS
4.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
·
FINDINGS & ANALYSES &
INTERPRETATION
·
FINDINGS
·
SUGGESTION
5.CONCLUSION
·
CONCLUSION
·
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chapter – 1
INTRODUCTION
OF
THE STUDY
G SQUARE
SOFTECH
PVT
LTD.
COMPANY PVT LTD. (Hindustan Computers Limited) is a
leading global Technology and IT enterprise whose range of services spans
Product Engineering and Technology Development, Application Services, BPO
Services, Infrastructure Services, IT Hardware, Systems Integration, and
Distribution of Technology and Telecom products in India
1. COMPANY PVT LTD. Technologies ( www.COMPANY
PVT LTD.tech.com )
2.
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems. (www.COMPANY PVT LTD.infosystems.in)
COMPANY PVT LTD.
Technologies is the IT and BPO services arm focused on global markets, while COMPANY
PVT LTD. Infosystems deals in the IT, Communication, Office Automation Products
& System Integration arm focused on the Indian market. Today, COMPANY PVT
LTD. has 60,000 employees of diverse nationalities, operating across 17
countries including 360 service centers in India. COMPANY PVT LTD. has global
partnerships with several leading Fortune 1000 firms, including several IT Technologies
major. Shiv Nadar is the founder of COMPANY PVT LTD.. He founded COMPANY PVT
LTD. in 1976 in a Delhi "barsaati".
In 1978, COMPANY PVT LTD. developed the
first indigenous micro-computer at the same time as Apple and 3 years before
IBM's PC. In 1980, COMPANY PVT LTD. introduced bit sliced, 16-bit processor
based micro-computer. In 1983, COMPANY PVT LTD. Indigenously developed
architecture, In 1986, COMPANY PVT LTD. became the largest IT Company in India
In 1988, COMPANY PVT LTD. introduced fine grained
multi-processor Unix-3 years ahead of "Sun" and "HP". In
1991, COMPANY PVT LTD. entered into a joint venture Hewlett Packard and COMPANY
PVT LTD.-Hewlett Packard Ltd. was formed. The joint developed multi-processor
Unix for HP and heralded COMPANY PVT LTD.'s entry into contract R&D. In
1997, COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems was formed. In the same year COMPANY PVT
LTD. ventured into software services. In 1999, COMPANY PVT LTD. Technologies
Ltd issued an IPO and became a public listed company. In 2001, COMPANY PVT LTD.
BPO was incorporated. COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems became the largest hardware
company. In 2002, software businesses of COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems and COMPANY
PVT LTD. Technologies were merged. In 2005, COMPANY PVT LTD. set up first Power
PC architecture design centre outside of IBM. In the same year COMPANY PVT LTD.
Infosystems launched sub Rs.10, 000 PC. In 2006, COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems
became the first company in India
COMPANY PVT LTD. INFOSYSTEMS LTD.
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems is India
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems is among the leading
players in all the segments comprising the domestic IT products, solutions and
related services, which include PCs, Servers, Office Automation, Networking
Products, TV and FM Broadcasting solutions, communication solutions, System
Integration, Digital lifestyle Solutions and Peripherals.
COMPANY PVT LTD. has a direct sales, channel sales and
retail sales network pan India India India
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems' manufacturing facilities
are ISO 9001 - 2000 & ISO 14001 certified and adhere to stringent quality
standards and global processes. With the largest installed PC base in the
country, four indigenously developed and manufactured PC brands - 'Infiniti',
'Busy bee' 'Beanstalk' and 'Ezeebee' - and its robust manufacturing facilities,
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems aims to further leverage its dominance in the PC
market. It has been consistently rated as Top player in PC industry by IDC.
.
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
To fuel initiative and foster activity by allowing individuals
freedom of action and innovation in attaining defined objectives.
PEOPLE OBJECTIVES
To help people in COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems Ltd. share in the
company's successes, which they make possible; to provide job security based on
their performance; to recognize their individual achievements; and help them
gain a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment from their work.
·
To provide world-class
solutions and services to all our customers, we have formed Alliances and
Partnerships with leading I.T Company.
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems
has alliances with global technology leaders like Intel, AMD, Microsoft, IBM,
Bull, Toshiba, Nokia, Sun Microsystems, Ericsson, NVIDIA, SAP, Scansoft, SCO,
EMC, Veritas, Citrix, CISCO, Oracle, Computer Associates, Redhat, Infocus,
Duplo, Samsung and Novell.
·
These alliances on one hand
give us access to best technology & products as well enhancing our
understanding of the latest in technology. On the other hand they enhance our
product portfolio, and enable us to be one stop shop for our customers.
Technology Leadership
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems is known to be the harbinger of technology in the country. Right from our inception we have attempted to pioneer the technology introductions in the country either through our R&D or through partnerships with the world technology leaders.
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems is known to be the harbinger of technology in the country. Right from our inception we have attempted to pioneer the technology introductions in the country either through our R&D or through partnerships with the world technology leaders.
Using our own R&D we have:
·
Created our own UNIX &
RDBMS capability (in 80s).
·
Developed firewalls for
enterprise & personal system security.
·
Launched our own range of
enterprise storage products.
·
Launched our own range of
networking products.
We strive to
understand the technology from the view of supporting it post installation as
well. This is one of the key ingredients that go into our strategic advantage.
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems has to its claim several technology pioneering initiatives. Some of them are:
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems has to its claim several technology pioneering initiatives. Some of them are:
·
Country's first Desktop PC -
Busy Bee in 1985.
·
Country's first branded home PC
- Beanstalk in 1995.
·
Country's first Pentium 4 based
PC at sub 40k price point.
·
Country's first Media Center
PC.
COMPANY
PVT LTD. ADVANTAGE
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems (COMPANY PVT LTD.I) draws it's strength from more then 30 years of experience in handling the ever changing IT scenario , strong customer relationships, ability to provide the cutting edge technology at best-value-for-money and on top of it, an excellent service & support infrastructure. Today, COMPANY PVT LTD. is country's premier information enabling company. It offers one-stop-shop convenience to its diverse customers having an equally diverse set of requirements.
Be it a large multi-location enterprise, or a small/medium
enterprise, or a small office or a home, COMPANY PVT LTD.I has a product range,
sales & support capability to service the needs of the customer.
Last 30 years apart from knowledge & experience have also given
us continuity in relationship with the customers, thereby increasing the
customer confidence in us.Our strengths can be summarized as:
·
Ability to understand
customer's business and offer right technology.
·
Long standing relationship with
customers.
·
Pan
India support & service infrastructure.
·
Best-vale-for-money offerings.
Philosophy of Quality
"We shall deliver defect-free products, services and solutions
to meet the requirements of ou0r external and internal customers, the first
time, every time."
To exist as a market leader in a globally competitive marketplace, organizations need to adopt and implement a continuous improvement-based quality policy. One of the key elements to COMPANY PVT LTD.'s success is its never-ending pursuit of superior quality in all its endeavors.
COMPANY PVT LTD.
INFOSYSTEMS believes in the Total Quality Management philosophy as a means for
continuous improvement, total employee participation in quality improvement and
customer satisfaction. Its concept of quality addresses people, processes and
products.
Over the last 32 years,
we have adapted to newer and better Quality standards that helped us
effectively tie Quality with Business Goals, leading to customer and employee
satisfaction.
·
"WE SHALL DELIVER
DEFECT-FREE PRODUCTS, SERVICES AND SOLUTIONS TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF OUR
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CUSTOMERS, THE FIRST TIME, EVERY TIME."
All processes in the manufacturing are aligned to this guiding
objective. A strong emphasis of "Quality by Process"
is ensured across all processes. The products manufactured here undergo
stringent tests that ensures their ruggedness & durability , which may be
deployed anywhere in India and may have to face severe conditions like - heat ,
humidity , rough transportation & handling .Our products undergo drop tests
, hot & cold temperature chamber.
Computers are shipped to locations all over India with an extensive network of professional logistic support partners. There is also a Customer satisfaction cell, in plant, to take care of problems. Customers, sales & marketing, support personnel, dealers & distributors are encouraged to visit the plant to see, for themselves, what all goes in making a quality computer system.
Computers are shipped to locations all over India with an extensive network of professional logistic support partners. There is also a Customer satisfaction cell, in plant, to take care of problems. Customers, sales & marketing, support personnel, dealers & distributors are encouraged to visit the plant to see, for themselves, what all goes in making a quality computer system.
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems' portfolio
of products covers the entire spectrum of the information technology needs of
its customers.
By virtue of the immense diversity of markets and customers that it
addresses, COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems' products offerings include everything
from high end enterprise level servers for mission critical applications to
multimedia home computers.
You may be a large multi-location company
exploring solutions to e-enable your organization or you may be a new born
rising star looking for someone for IT planning or setting up your IT
Infrastructure, COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems has a solution tailor-made for
you.
Quality
at COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosysytem
The history of structured quality implementation in COMPANY
PVT LTD. Infosystems began in the late 1980s with the focus on improving
quality of its products by using basis QC tools and Failure Reporting and
Corrective Active Systems (FRACAS). We also employed concurrent engineering
practices including design reviews, and rigorous reliability tests to uncover
latent design.
In the early 90s, the focus was not merely on the quality of
products but also the process quality systems. Our manufacturing unit at NOIDA
was certified initially to ISO 9002:1994 by Bureau VERITAS Certification in
1994 and later on to ISO 9001:1994 in 1997. As of now, all our manufacturing
units are certified by Bureau VERITAS Certification as per ISO 9001:2000
In early 1995, a major quality initiative was launched across the
company based on Philip B. Crosby's methodology of QIPM (Quality Improvement
Process Management). This model was selected to because it considered the need
and commitment by an organization to improve but more importantly, the
individual's need towards better quality in his personal life.
Under our Quality Education System program, we train our employees on the basic concepts and tools of quality. A number of improvement projects have been undertaken by our employees, whereby process deficiencies and bottlenecks are identified, and Corrective Action Projects (CAPs) are undertaken. This reduces defect rates and improves cycle times.
Under our Quality Education System program, we train our employees on the basic concepts and tools of quality. A number of improvement projects have been undertaken by our employees, whereby process deficiencies and bottlenecks are identified, and Corrective Action Projects (CAPs) are undertaken. This reduces defect rates and improves cycle times.
We have received MAIT's 'Level II recognition for Business Excellence' for our initiatives in the Information Technology Industry, adding another commendation to our fold. MAIT's Level II recognition is based on the 'European Foundation for Quality Management' (EFQM), for gaining quality leadership and business competitiveness.
Our certifications / awards in 2003 include ISO 9001-2000 by Bureau Veritas Certification for our Info Structure Services and award of First Prize by ELCINA (Electronic Component Industries Association) for Quality, 2002-03. The ELCINA award criteria consider two aspects. (1) Enablers (Leadership & Management commitment, Resource Management, Product Realisation, Measurement Analysis & Improvement) and Results.
The tryst for continuous quality improvement is never-ending in COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems. We always strive to maintain high quality standards, which help us fulfill our mission to provide world-class information technology solutions and services, to enable our customers to serve their customers better.
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems has been acknowledged and rewarded for
its support, innovative products and solutions and dedication countless times.
Listed below is an up to date list of rewards and recognitions that COMPANY PVT
LTD. Infosystems has won till date.
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. wins the ‘
Best Desktop PC Company ’ award at The Computer Active Smart Photograph
Awards 2009
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. was honored
with the Gold Certification Merit Award for India
·
Mr. Ajai Chowdhry, Chairman
& CEO of COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems Limited, ranked third in the
Power List of 75 Most Powerful Brand Builders of India
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. Info systems
Ranked Top 3 for the Fourth Consecutive Year in the Best Employer Study
by IDC-DQ 2008
·
Times Ascent Asia Pacific HR
Congress felicitated Mr. Ajai Chowdhry, Chairman & CEO, COMPANY PVT
LTD. Infosystems Limited awarded with the ‘CEO WITH HR
ORIENTATION’ award during the Global HR Excellence Awards
2008-09
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. received the
award of ‘ Best PC Brand for Business Purpose ’ from VarIndia in
Nov 08
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. received the Asia
Retail Congress-2008 Retailer of the Year
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. won Top
Market Share Award for highest market share amongst all countries
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. won Gold
Partner Award for achieving a sizable business revenue INFOCUS
has recognized COMPANY PVT LTD. as its Strategic Partner
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. won Emerald
Award for Best All round Performance over the Years.
Manufacturing
COMPANY PVT LTD.'s computer hardware manufacturing plants include 4 facilities, 2 at Puducherry, 1 at Chennai.
The plant located in Puducherry are
situated 165 kms south of Chennai on the coast of the Bay of Bengal with
proximity to Chennai Air/Sea port, special policies for Industries of local
Govt., Inland Container Depots,
attractive power and labour rates - makes Puducherry an ideal place for
business
·
Started in 1996 - with only
Unit 1 - it now has 4 Units with a built up area of 4, 19,000 sq. ft the
infrastructure is state of the art, one of the best & largest in India
·
All 3 factories are ISO
9001:2000 and ISO 14001, ISO 13485:2003, TS 16949-2002 TUV-Accredited
certified. PMO was also Awarded MAIT Level 2 - by European Foundation for
Quality Management in the year 2001. COMPANY PVT LTD. was also awarded ELCINA's
(Electronic Component Industries Association) Quality Award for the year 2002-
2003.
·
COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystems
Ltd. Puducherry, Uttarakhand, and Noida Manufacturing Units now ISO 9001:2008
State of the art IT systems in MRP, ERP, Online configurations
enables this latest unit of COMPANY PVT LTD. (Rudrapur) to leverage the power
of IT in delivering optimum efficiency. The plant is networked & online
with COMPANY PVT LTD. branch and head offices. The Pondicherry plant has its
own Product Engineering Group (PEG) and R&D teams constantly engaged in
developing new products and solutions. Driven by a strong manufacturing
objective, COMPANY PVT LTD. promises to deliver defect free products, services
and solutions to meet the requirements of its external and internal customers,
right from the commencement of the relationship.
Primary
Objective
1.
To know the
market potential of COMPANY PVT LTD..
2.
To know the
computer contribution towards education.
Secondary
Objective
3.
To know the
style of purchase by institution.
4.
To know the customer
satisfaction level towards COMPANY PVT LTD..
Key Findings
1.
Total subscriber base has crossed
86 Million.
2.
Mobile phone subscriptions have
reached 42 million in over 2000 cities. (Growth of >100% over last year)
3.
Tele-density >8 ,achieved 15
months ahead of plan.
4.
India expected to be the
third-largest IT Softech and ICT market by 2010 with 100 million mobile
subscribers.
5. Tariff
drop – Too steep too soon ( Rs.16/min to Rs.1/min in less than 5 years)
6.
The total industry revenues
for 2003-04 were around Rs. 8308 crores, up from Rs. 6,400 crores in
2002-03, showing an increase of 30% over the year.
7.
On the other hand the total
software subscriber base of the private GSM operators doubled – from 10.1
million subscribers at the end of March 2003 to 20.5 million by the end of
March 2004.
8.
Thus, the growth of subscribers
was not matched with an equivalent / proportionate growth in the industry
revenues as more and more marginal / low-end subscribers opted for the service
during the year.
9.
The ARPUs of the private
GSM operators have dropped by 17% in 2003-04 from Rs. 523 per subscriber
in Q1 to Rs. 432 in Q4. Thus, the affordability of services for
subscribers was further enhanced during the year, which in turn fuelled
subscriber growth.
10. In fact it is estimated that the number of subscribers with a
monthly ARPU of less than Rs. 500 has gone up from 28% in 2002 to 46% in 2003.
11. As a result of the above, the industry is operating on wafer thin
margins leaving it with inadequate resources to fund network expansion and
growth to remote, rural and unserved areas.
12. Coupled with the low ARPUs, the industry is also been greatly
challenged by the high costs of duties & levies that have been imposed on
the sector.
13. Further, the operators are burdened with a significant access
deficit charge, which is adding to the cost of service.
14. In addition to the above, significant levies were also imposed on
the industry on account of sales tax, service tax, import duties on handsets,
etc.
15. In fact it is estimated that the total burden on the sector on
account of the licence fees, spectrum & access deficit charges imposed by
the Government is estimated to be around 25%.
16. It is thus important to rationalize the cost structure of the
industry, not only to bring it in line with best international practices, but
also to ensure that IT Softech is not treated as a revenue generator but as a
critical infrastructure that is vital for balanced economic growth.
What is Marketing
} Marketing deals with identifying human and social needs and meeting
those needs profitably. “Marketing is defined as a social and managerial
process by which individuals and group obtain what they need and want through
creating and exchanging products and services of value with others.”
– Philip Kotler
MARKETING MANAGEMENT
} “ It is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting,
keeping and growing customers through creating, delivering and communicating
superior customer value.”
Nature of Marketing Management
} Specialized business function requiring specialized skills.
} Social function requiring constant interaction with society.
} Integrative function combining other business functions like
production, finance, personnel, R &
D etc.
} Universal function which can be applied to both profit-motive and
non-profit motive organizations.
} Science as well as an art.
Importance of Marketing
} Financial success often depends on the marketing ability
} Marketing enables the organizations to keep abreast of changes
} Customer satisfaction
} Integrated management action
} Increases sales and ultimately the profit
} Uplifting the standard of the society as a whole
} Employment opportunities
} Increased Education Facilities and Literacy Level
} Increased Competition
CHAPTER
- 2
REVIEW
OF LITERATURE
REPORT OF RESEARCH WORK
With sound macro economic condition and buoyant buying
sentiment in the market, PC sales in India are expected to touch 47 lakh units
in Fiscal 2007-2008, according to MAIT’s Industry performance review for the
first half of the FY 2007-08.
The desktop PC market grossed 23.4lc units, registering
a growth of 36% over the same period last year.
The MAIT-IMRB review reveals that PC sales to the
business segment improved by 55% accounting for 78% of the total PC
consumption. In the households, while the sales were 5.10 lakh units, the
sector witnessed a decrease of 5% over the same period last year. Assembled PCs
witnessed decline in market share, accounting for 34% of the PC sales in
H1/2007-08. The share of the Indian brands grew to account for 31% of the
market while the MNC brands accounted for the rest at 35%.
The notebook PC segment was the star performer, showing
massive growth, 60% sequentially and 138% year-on-year and crossing the one
lakh barrier. Centrino-based notebooks constituted two-thirds of the total
shipments. In terms of market rankings, HP stayed at the top, followed by
Lenovo and Acer (IDC report). In H1/2007-08, about 18,000 notebooks were sold
to the households segment accounting for 13% of the total market (MAIT report).
The server market registered a growth of 56% over the
first half of the fiscal riding on high consumption in the medium
establishments where sales increased by 258%. Overall Printer sales grew by 43%
over that in H1 2006-07 on YoY basis. The UPS market grew by 16% over H1 of
2006-07.
The market was fueled by a strong demand from the
notebook and consumer desktop markets. Consistent fall in notebook prices led
to a growth in this market. In this situation Brand Image/brand perception
plays a major role in purchase of the products. There were massive investments
in the private educational sector that provided the momentum for growth in this
market. Notable among these were various management institutes and technical
institutions.
Worldwide IT Softech Scenario
The global IT Softech industry has weathered the storm, and
prospects are now looking up. Global economic growth is expected to drive up
enterprise IT Softech spending on account of:
Þ
Growth in business activity;
Þ
Increase inWireless spending; and
Þ
Increased adoption and implementation of IP VPNs.
Wireless dominance and technology substitution are expected
to be the governing themes:
Þ
Wireline toWireless migration will gain in strength
worldwide, eroding Wireline voice revenue;
Þ
Integrated voice service with seamless roaming between Wireline
and Wireless networks is the future solution; and
Þ
There will be an accelerated migration from legacy data to IP
based services.
Subscriber volume growth will come mainly from the emerging
markets, with India and China bringing in most of the numbers.
The pricing environment is expected to remain soft for most
services, as competition among operators will remain stiff.
Operators with a cost advantage will use price-cutting as a
strategy to gain and control market share.
2003
– 2005 is driven by more rational needs to grow profitably
Focus on :
Þ
ROI – tighter budgets, consolidation of resources
Þ
Reducing Opex by improving
operational efficiency
Þ
New Value Added Services (VAS) and Consolidation into a
Single Service Delivery Platform (SDP).
North America – evolving to
stay afloat
Þ
Sluggish revenue growth in Fixed Line
Þ
Mobile Growth helping in sustaining.
Þ
Brutal competition -leading to outsource for significant cost
reduction.
Þ
Incumbent operators are heavily in debt and still smarting
under enormous bill for 3G licenses.
APAC –
Increasing Market Share
Þ
Low Tele density in South Asia
–High growth opportunities
Þ Increased service
add-ons (e.g. MMS and MASP) are spurring for Mature markets
Worldwide
IT Spend in IT Softech - Trends
Þ
At
8.9 % of revenues, IT is a major spend in CSP as compared to other
industries
Þ
However,
exuberant expenditure of 99-00 has given way to cuts
Þ
Overall
IT spend is expected to grow only by 22% between 2003-2006
Þ
Outsourced
component in IT Softech is 15% of total IT spending.
Þ
Wireline
(57%) dominates the spend over Wireless (24%) and Cable (15%)
Þ
BSS
is 48% of total external spending while OSS
Þ
Most companies prefer
short-term (less than 3 years) deals as opposed to long-term contracts
Where
computers are widespread, they are also a part of education. Computers
are used in schools for many
applications such as writing papers or searching the Internet for
information. Computer skills are also a subject being specifically taught in
many schools, especially from adolescence onward - when the ability to make abstractions forms.
One
problematic element of many (though not all) "computer literacy" or
computer education programs is that they may resort too heavily on rote memorization. Students
may be taught, for example, how to perform several common functions (e.g.: Open
a file, Save a file, Quit the program) in very specific ways, using one
specific version of one specific program. When a graduate of such a program
encounters a competing program, or even a different version of the same
program, they may be confused or even frightened by the differences from what
they learned. This is one reason why major computer and software firms such as Apple Computer and Microsoft consider the educational market
important: The often time-limited computer education provided in schools most
often lends itself to rote memorization, creating a sort of vendor lock-in effect
whereby graduates are afraid to switch to competing computer systems.
Graduates of computer
education programs based around rote memorization may be heard asking things
such as "just tell me where to click", and may need to rely upon
paper notes for some computing tasks. (Example: A note on the monitor reading
"Hit 'enter' after power up.") Many such users may need tremendous
amounts of "hand-holding" even after years or decades of daily computer
use. (This can be especially frustrating for experienced computer users, who
are accustomed to figuring out computers largely on their own.) The primary
factor preventing such functionally computer illiterate users from
self-educating may simply be fear (of losing data through doing the "wrong
thing") or lack of motivation; in any case, more technically oriented
friends and relatives often find themselves
pressed into service as "free tech support" for such users.
Computers in the Schools
The
Administrative Function
Each
school should have a computer system set up to keep school and student records,
account for school money etc. Also to the extent it was feasible teachers who
were interested should have computers available to keep class records and
lesson plans.
Computers
as objects of Instruction
A class
in computer programming and in the basics of the hardware could be offered in
the high school. However, I said that I felt there would probably be too little
interest and too few students with an aptitude for this to make it feasible.
Computers as mediums of
Instruction
Computers should be set up in the library of
each school with access to reference materials on CD ROM and at least one of
these computers in each library should have on-line access to the Internet.
Possibly notebook computers could be available to be checked out by students to
give students without home computers access to complete computer assignments at
home. All computers would have word processing software available with the
librarian available to teach the students to use the software. In addition
teachers who came up with good and innovative ways to use computers to enhance
the subject they were teaching should have computers and appropriate programs
available in the classroom. I told him that the only use I could see for what
they were calling "computer labs" would be to teach touch typing by
computer, but since that was a function of the nearby vocational school and was
not taught at the High School that use would not apply. I also mentioned the
use of other technology such as video cameras in the schools. We discussed the
concept that computerizing a school was not a one shot deal but that plans
should be made for phasing computer use in and replacing computers at least
every three to five years.
1. Exposure and observation:
A child's relationship with the computer
typically begins with the child watching a sibling, parent or classmate busy at
the computer. She eventually crawls up on Daddy's lap, and through the
so-called "Daddy Interface" has her first computer experiences,
passive in nature.
2.
Active
participation:
The child quickly moves from observer to active
participant, grabbing at the mouse, banging on the keyboard, and pointing at
things that excite her on the screen. The parent, however, still operates the
software.
3. Taking control:
Eventually,
the child learns how to control a mouse or trackball and subsequently how to
control what is happening on the computer screen. Using her newfound
"point and click" and "click and drag" skills, she can now
actively explore a software program.
4. The computer is my tool:
With
greater control, the child begins to see the computer more as her tool –
something she can use to make and find things. Increasingly, she approaches the
computer with a goal, for example to find dinosaurs or click on something
colorful or moving.
5. Mastering skills:
As
student’s plays with different software programs, a child develops a general
sense of how to navigate through simple environments, how to start and quit an
activity, and how to operate specific programs. Although she may still rely on
a parent or sibling for many functions, she is rapidly mastering an impressive
skill set.
Chapter – 3
·
·
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Significance of the project is to find out market
potential of IT in education and also to provide key information about the
various scheme provided by the COMPANY PVT LTD. Infosystem to various
institution. The study will help in getting information about purchase style of
the institution. Study wills also helps in finding out the problems related to COMPANY
PVT LTD. Infosystem
INTRODUCTION
This chapter aims to understand the research methodology
establishing a framework of evaluation and revaluation of primary and secondary
research. The techniques and concepts used during primary research in order to
arrive at findings; which are also dealt with and lead to a logical deduction
towards the analysis and results.
I propose to first conduct a intensive secondary research to understand
the full impact and implication of the industry, to review and critique the
industry norms and reports, on which certain issues shall be selected, which I
feel remain unanswered or liable to change, this shall be further taken up in
the next stage of exploratory research. This stage shall help me to restrict
and select only the important question and issue, which inhabit growth and
segmentation in the industry.
The various tasks that
I have undertaken in the research design process are :
·
Defining the information need
·
Design the exploratory, descriptive and causal research.
Research Design
Research design is a conceptual structure within which
research is conducted. A research design is the detailed blueprint used to
guide a research study towards its objective. It is a series of advanced
decision taken together comprising a master plan or a model for conducting the
research in consonance with the research objectives. Research design is needed
because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various research operations,
thereby making research as efficient as possible yielding maximum information
with the minimum effort, time and money.
The research process has four distinct yet interrelated
steps for research analysis .It has a logical and hierarchical ordering:
·
Determination of information
research problem.
·
Development of appropriate
research design.
·
Execution of research design.
·
Communication of results.
Each step is viewed as a separate process that includes
a combination of task , step and specific procedure. The steps undertake are
logical, objective, systematic, reliable, valid, impersonal and ongoing.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
The method I used for exploratory
research was
·
Primary Data
·
Secondary data
PRIMARY
DATA
New data gathered to help solve the problem at hand. As
compared to secondary data which is previously gathered data. An example is
information gathered by a questionnaire. Qualitative or quantitative data that
are newly collected in the course of research, Consists of original information
that comes from people and includes information gathered from surveys, focus
groups, independent observations and test results. Data gathered by the
researcher in the act of conducting research. This is contrasted to secondary
data which entails the use of data gathered by someone other than the
researcher information that is obtained directly from first-hand sources by
means of surveys, observation or experimentation.
Primary data is basically collected by getting
questionnaire filled by the respondents.
SECONDARY
DATA
Information that already exists somewhere, having been
collected for another purpose. Sources include census reports, trade
publications, and subscription services. Data that have already been collected
and published for another research project (other than the one at hand). There
are two types of secondary data: internal and external secondary data.
Information compiled inside or outside the organization for some purpose other
than the current investigation. Data that have already been collected for some
purpose other than the current study. Researching information which has already
been published. Market information compiled for purposes other than the current
research effort; it can be internal data, such as existing sales-tracking
information, or it can be research conducted by someone else, such as a market
research company or the U.S.
The Internet is a very useful source of information on the education industry.
The type of information that can be obtained on the Internet include: the
current scenario of education system, the growth rate of computers in education
system, market share.
My proposal is to first
conduct a intensive secondary research to understand the full impact and
implication of the industry, to review and critique the industry norms and
reports, on which certain issues shall be selected, which I feel remain
unanswered or liable to change, this shall be further taken up in the next
stage of exploratory research.
Descriptive Research
·
STEPS in the descriptive
research:
·
Statement of the problem
·
Identification of information
needed to solve the problem
·
Selection or development of
instruments for gathering the information.
·
Identification of target
population and determination of sampling Plan.
·
Design of procedure for
information collection
·
Collection of information
·
Analysis of information
·
Generalizations and/or
prediction
SAMPLE SIZE
This involves figuring out how many samples one need.
The numbers of samples you need are affected by the following
factors:
·
Project goals
·
How you plan to analyze your
data
·
How variable your data are or
are likely to be
·
How precisely you want to
measure change or trend
·
The number of years over which
you want to detect a trend
·
How many times a year you will
sample each point
·
How much money and manpower you
have
SAMPLE SIZE
I have targeted 100 Institution for the purpose of the
research. The sample size is influenced by the target population. The target
population represents the Chandigarh
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Simple random sampling technique has been used to
select the sample
A simple random sample is a group of subjects (a sample) chosen
from a larger group (a population). Each subject from the population is chosen randomly and
entirely by chance, such that each subject has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during
the sampling process. This process and technique is known as Simple Random
Sampling, and should not be confused with Random Sampling.
DATA COLLECTION
Data collection took place with the help of filling of
questionnaires. The
questionnaire method has come to the more widely used and economical means of data
collection. The common factor in all varieties of the questionnaire method is
this reliance on verbal responses to questions, written or oral. I found it
essential to make sure the questionnaire was easy to read and understand to all
spectrums of institution in the sample. It was also important as researcher to
respect the samples time and energy hence the questionnaire was designed in
such a way, that its administration would not exceed 4-5 mins. These
questionnaires were personally administered.
The first hand information was collected by making the people fill
the questionnaires. The primary data collected by directly interacting with the
people. The respondents were contacted at school n colleges. The data was collected by interacting with 100
respondents who filled the questionnaires and gave me the required necessary
information.
Chapter – 4
ANALYSIS
AND
INTERPRETATION
1.
Which
computer do you use?
2.
|
|
Types of computers
|
No. of respondents
|
|
a)
|
Assembled
|
40
|
|
b)
|
Branded
|
60
|
a)
Assembled
b) Branded
Interpretation:
As per the analysis shows, 60% of Institution prefer
branded computer over assembled one due to quality n faith they have in
different brand.
3. What makes you to purchase assembled computer?
|
|
Factors
|
Respondents
|
|
a)
|
Price
|
16
|
|
b)
|
Quality
|
32
|
|
c)
|
Warranty
|
25
|
|
d)
|
After
sale service
|
27
|
c) Warranty d) After sale
service
Interpretation: Price is the major factor for the institution to
purchase assembled computer. Out of 40 institutions 10 institutions prefer
quality over warranty and 9 institutions like to purchase assembled computer
due their after sale service
.
4. Which purchasing style you follow?
|
|
Purchase
style
|
No.of
respondents
|
|
a)
|
Normal
|
26
|
|
b)
|
Bulk
|
74
|
a) Normal purchase b) Bulk
Purchase
Interpretation : When asked which computer you like to purchase in future
almost 42% of institutions say they prefer to buy COMPANY PVT LTD. computers
due to it quality and price, then HP with 28%, Acer 16% and 14% consist other
brand
5. Which brand do you like to purchase?
|
|
Brands
|
Respondents
|
|
a)
|
HP
|
18
|
|
b)
|
ACER
|
40
|
|
c)
|
G SQUARE
|
28
|
|
d)
|
OTHERS
|
14
|
6. Are you satisfied with your G Square computer ?
Interpretation
As per survey done, 63% of institutions are satisfied with
the functioning of their computer whereas 37% are not.
7. What are the problems you are facing in
operating the computer?
|
|
Problems
|
Respondents
|
|
1
|
Heating
|
25%
|
|
2
|
Burnup
problem
|
22%
|
|
3
|
Atumatic
shutdown
|
16%
|
|
4
|
Others
|
16%
|
c)
Automatic Shut Down d) Others
Interpretation
As per survey, maximum computers running in institution are facing
the problem of heating because of continuous use of computer for a long hour
after that a common problem faced by the institution regarding the burn up and
automatic shut down. Other problem include the color mixture, power supply
problem etc.
8. Approximate replacement time (in years) of one G
Square computer?
|
|
Replacement
time
|
Respondents
|
|
1
|
2 years
|
7%
|
|
2
|
3 years
|
14%
|
|
3
|
4 years
|
47%
|
|
4
|
5 years
|
12%
|
c) 4 year d) More then 5 year
Interpretation:
Most of the institutions (47%) replace
there computer at the end of the 4th year whereas during the 1st
year only view institution prefer to change the computer due to some problem.
The replacement ratio is higher in 4th and 5th year.
FINDINGS & REASONS
·
According to survey, it was
found that computer is used as a basic
tool to increase the knowledge
of student. Computer makes the education learning interesting as well as easy.
·
Through survey, it was found
that around 60% of intuitions used
branded computer over the assembled one. due to the quality and faith they
have in branded computers.
·
Price is the major factor for the institution to purchase assembled computer whereas for branded computer brand
value and after sale service plays a important role in purchasing decision.
·
According to survey,
institution likes to purchase in bulk
due to the trade discount and various offers.
·
According
to survey, 39% doesn’t know about the various schemes offered by COMPANY PVT
LTD. to institutions whereas 61% have
the knowledge about the scheme offered by the COMPANY PVT LTD. to
institution.
·
The maximum information
regarding the various scheme of COMPANY PVT LTD. is provided by the retailer,
then by the newspaper i.e., 30%.
Last but not the least is salesperson employed by the company as well as
dealerships provide information regarding the schemes.
·
Only 60% of institute knows about the COMPANY PVT LTD.
scheme.
·
Maximum number of institutes replaces their computers in 4th and 5th
years. Thus its leads a great opportunity for the COMPANY PVT LTD. to have
such offers and tie ups with the institute that at the time of replacing the COMPANY
PVT LTD. provides the exchange offers with some other benefits.
·
When asked which computer you
like to purchase in future almost 42%
of institutions say they prefer to
buy COMPANY PVT LTD. computers due to it quality and price, then HP
with 28%, Acer 16% and 14% consist other brand.
·
Satisfaction
level of COMPANY PVT LTD. customer is much higher then other branded
computers. Around 75% of institutes are satisfied by the functioning of
computers and services provided by the COMPANY PVT LTD..
1. As institutes update their computers after approximate 5th
years, the COMPANY PVT LTD. must keep the proper records to avail the opportunity at the time of
replacement.
2. COMPANY PVT LTD. has to make a better
and long term relations with their existing client must offer some sort of
incentives at a regular time intervals.
3. COMPANY PVT LTD. should organize
the training session for the persons operating the computers in institutes,
so that early problems are managed quickly and hence satisfaction level should
increase.
4. Promotional scheme like exchange offers should be offered
at regular time intervals, it leads to increase the sale of the company. COMPANY PVT LTD.
should tap the potential in the large scale as well as the potential available
in medium scale in this sector.
5. COMPANY PVT LTD.
should tap the companies dealing either Manual
or PC based inventory management procedures.
6. COMPANY PVT LTD.
should concentrate more on the strength of its network in providing after sales service.
7. COMPANY PVT LTD.
should change its image, as
perceived by many companies, of being a solution provider only in the Public
Sector.
Chapter – 5
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
From these findings it can be ascertained that COMPANY
PVT LTD. Infosystems has a great opportunity in education sector. According to
survey, institution gain
but their application in building brand image over a long term is limited. The
most successful offers are “Price
discounts” and “Freebies”, thus
people look for monetary incentives are most sought after deals while buying an
IT product. Majority of those who buy in a sales promotion offer do so by
looking at a featured advertisement in a magazine or a newspaper. Major reason for
dissatisfaction among existing customers is “Poor Service”. By keeping
the proper data COMPANY PVT LTD. can gain and increase sails from existing
as well as new customer as we comes to know that schools update their PC in approximately 5
years.
All the research projects are hindered in their smooth flow by some
unforeseen problems. The problems arise in the form of constraints by budget,
time and scope of the study. The current project was also faced by certain
problem. Some of the problems faced in the course of the research are as
follows:
1.
A strong unwillingness on the
part of the respondent, to participate and aid the research.
2.
The boredom and wavering
concentration that set in among the respondents while answering the long
questionnaire: thus in turn led to the difficulty of preventing incomplete
questionnaires.
3.
Sampling error: the research
include a sample size of 100 institutions which is not enough to determine the
market potential of COMPANY PVT LTD.. Since its not a census survey there is
always a chance of error while extrapolating the results of a sample study over
the population especially in those researches where the qualitative aspects are
concerned. So it’s always doubtful to map the qualitative aspects using a
quantitative measure.
4.
The study was limited to the
geographical region of Chandigarh and Mohali School and Institutions.
5.
Most of the people whom we
interviewed were not the sole decision-makers for purchase of IT equipment.
6.
The time period wasn’t
sufficient for an extensive analysis of various factors.
7.
Non-response error was a
problem because respondents did not divulge some information which is
classified.
8.
The attitudes the interviewer revels to the respondent during the
interview can greatly affect their level of interest and willingness to answer
openly.
§
southerncrossreview.org/4/review.html
Dear Respondent,
We are conducting a survey
on Sales Promotional Offers in IT products. This survey would help us in
serving you better. Please fill the questionnaire with due care and
attentiveness and to the best of your knowledge to help us gauge your likes and
dislikes. The questionnaire has instructions to facilitate you while filling up
the questionnaire. Please feel free to ask though, wherever necessary.
Name of institute…………………………………………………
Number of students…………………………………………….
Configurations used……………………………………………
……………………………………………………..
1. Which computer do you use?
c) Warranty [ ] d)
After sale service [ ]
c) Warranty [ ] d)
After sale service [ ]
a) Normal purchase [ ] b)
Bulk Purchase [ ]
c) COMPANY PVT LTD.
[ ]
d) Others [ ]
a) Yes [ ] b) No [ ]
c) 5 year [ ] d) More then 5 year [ ]
9. Are you satisfied with COMPANY PVT
LTD. services?
c) Not taking care [ ]
d) Irregular [ ]
a)
Yes [ ] b)
No [ ]
c) Salesman [ ] d)
Other [ ]
a)
Yes [ ] b)
No [ ]
14.
What is the impact of computer in
education?
……………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………..
Thanks for filling up the questionnaire and for your valuable time.
Have a great day!!!!
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